酚氧化酶的研究進展

 酚氧化酶（phenoloxidase, PO） 又名酪氨酸酶，是一種普遍存在于動物和植物體內(nèi)的銅離子酶，具有多種生物學功能。酚氧化酶可把單酚羥化成二酚（ 如多巴），接著二酚被氧化成醌，在非酶促反應條件下，醌形成的zui終產(chǎn)物是黑色素。的黑色素對昆蟲的正常生長發(fā)育具有重要作用。酚氧化酶一般以無活性的酚氧化酶原（prophenoloxidase, proPO） 形式存在于昆蟲的血淋巴中。從昆蟲酚氧化酶的結(jié)構(gòu)、分布、活化的分子機制和功能及研究進展等方面進行綜述。
Abstract: Phenoloxidase （PO）, also known as tyrosinase, is a copper-containing enzyme widely distributed in animals and plants, and possesses diverse biological functions. It can catalyse the hydroxylation of monophenols to diphenols （such as dopa）, then the diphenols are oxidized to quinone, which is polymerized non-enzymetically into melanin. The melanin plays very important roles in normal growth and development of insects. PO generally exsits in the hemolymph of insects as an inactive form called prophenoloxidase （proPO）. In this paper, we mainly review the structure, distribution, molecular mechanisms of activation, function and research progress of PO in insects.